Vertical caving terminology and methods
Vertical ice caves (caves in rock, with significant quantities of ice in them) and glacier caves (caves formed within ice) are explored in the same manner as normal rock caves, but may need additional techniques and equipment. Some normal rock caves, particularly those at high altitude, may have a cone of snow funnelling down into an entrance, which requires other approaches. In general, the additional techniques are borrowed from ice climbing, and therefore the equipment is too. Some of these, such as Abalakov threads have made their way into standard caving too, so they are included in those sections instead.
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